CUE Advanced
This section will introduce how to use CUE to deliver KubeVela modules. You can can dynamically expand the platform as user needs change, adapt to growing number of users and scenarios, and meet the iterative demands of the company's long-term business development.
Convert Kubernetes API Objects Into Custom Components
Let's take the Kubernetes StatefulSet as an example to show how to use KubeVela to build custom modules and provide capabilities.
Save the YAML example of StatefulSet in the official document locally and name it as my-stateful.yaml, then execute commande as below:
vela def init my-stateful -t component --desc "My StatefulSet component." --template-yaml ./my-stateful.yaml -o my-stateful.cue
View the generated "my-stateful.cue" file:
$ cat my-stateful.cue
"my-stateful": {
annotations: {}
attributes: workload: definition: {
apiVersion: "<change me> apps/v1"
kind: "<change me> Deployment"
}
description: "My StatefulSet component."
labels: {}
type: "component"
}
template: {
output: {
apiVersion: "v1"
kind: "Service"
... // omit non-critical info
}
outputs: web: {
apiVersion: "apps/v1"
kind: "StatefulSet"
... // omit non-critical info
}
parameter: {}
}
Modify the generated file as follows:
- The example of the official StatefulSet website is a composite component composed of two objects
StatefulSetandService. According to KubeVela Rules for customize components, in composite components, core workloads such as StatefulSet need to be represented by thetemplate.outputfield, and other auxiliary objects are represented bytemplate.outputs, so we make some adjustments and all the automatically generated output and outputs are switched. - Then we fill in the apiVersion and kind data of the core workload into the part marked as
<change me>
After modification, you can use vela def vet to do format check and verification.
$ vela def vet my-stateful.cue
Validation succeed.
The file after two steps of changes is as follows:
$ cat my-stateful.cue
"my-stateful": {
annotations: {}
attributes: workload: definition: {
apiVersion: "apps/v1"
kind: "StatefulSet"
}
description: "My StatefulSet component."
labels: {}
type: "component"
}
template: {
output: {
apiVersion: "apps/v1"
kind: "StatefulSet"
metadata: name: "web"
spec: {
selector: matchLabels: app: "nginx"
replicas: 3
serviceName: "nginx"
template: {
metadata: labels: app: "nginx"
spec: {
containers: [{
name: "nginx"
ports: [{
name: "web"
containerPort: 80
}]
image: "k8s.gcr.io/nginx-slim:0.8"
volumeMounts: [{
name: "www"
mountPath: "/usr/share/nginx/html"
}]
}]
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
}
}
volumeClaimTemplates: [{
metadata: name: "www"
spec: {
accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
resources: requests: storage: "1Gi"
storageClassName: "my-storage-class"
}
}]
}
}
outputs: web: {
apiVersion: "v1"
kind: "Service"
metadata: {
name: "nginx"
labels: app: "nginx"
}
spec: {
clusterIP: "None"
ports: [{
name: "web"
port: 80
}]
selector: app: "nginx"
}
}
parameter: {}
}
Install ComponentDefinition into the Kubernetes cluster:
$ vela def apply my-stateful.cue
ComponentDefinition my-stateful created in namespace vela-system.
You can see that a my-stateful component via vela components command:
$ vela components
NAME NAMESPACE WORKLOAD DESCRIPTION
...
my-stateful vela-system statefulsets.apps My StatefulSet component.
...
When you put this customized component into Application, it looks like:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1beta1
kind: Application
metadata:
name: website
spec:
components:
- name: my-component
type: my-stateful
EOF
Define Customized Parameters For Component
In previous section we have defined a ComponentDefinition that has no parameter. In this section we will show how to expose parameters.
In this example, we expose the following parameters to the user:
- Image name, allowing users to customize the image
- Instance name, allowing users to customize the instance name of the generated StatefulSet object and Service object
- The number of replica, the number of copies of the generated object
... # Omit other unmodified fields
template: {
output: {
apiVersion: "apps/v1"
kind: "StatefulSet"
metadata: name: parameter.name
spec: {
selector: matchLabels: app: "nginx"
replicas: parameter.replicas
serviceName: "nginx"
template: {
metadata: labels: app: "nginx"
spec: {
containers: [{
image: parameter.image
... // Omit other unmodified fields
}]
}
}
... // Omit other unmodified fields
}
}
outputs: web: {
apiVersion: "v1"
kind: "Service"
metadata: {
name: "nginx"
labels: app: "nginx"
}
spec: {
... // Omit other unmodified fields
}
}
parameter: {
image: string
name: string
replicas: int
}
}
After modification, use vela def apply to install to the cluster:
$ vela def apply my-stateful.cue
ComponentDefinition my-stateful in namespace vela-system updated.
You can see the parameters of my-stateful ComponentDefinition as follows:
$ vela show my-stateful
# Properties
+----------+-------------+--------+----------+---------+
| NAME | DESCRIPTION | TYPE | REQUIRED | DEFAULT |
+----------+-------------+--------+----------+---------+
| name | | string | true | |
| replicas | | int | true | |
| image | | string | true | |
+----------+-------------+--------+----------+---------+
Updating the ComponentDefinition will not affect existing Applications. It will take effect only after updating the Applications next time.
You can specify the three new parameters in the application:
apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1beta1
kind: Application
metadata:
name: website
spec:
components:
- name: my-component
type: my-stateful
properties:
image: nginx:latest
replicas: 1
name: my-component
Save the file locally and name it app-stateful.yaml, execute kubectl apply -f app-stateful.yaml to update the application, you can see that the name, image, and number of instances of the StatefulSet object have been updated.
Dry-run
In order to ensure that the user's application can run correctly with the parameters, you can also use the vela dry-run command to verify the trial run of your template.
vela dry-run -f app-stateful.yaml
By viewing the output, you can compare whether the generated object is consistent with the object you actually expect. You can even execute this YAML directly into the Kubernetes cluster and use the results of the operation for verification.
Details
# Application(website) -- Component(my-component)
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
app.oam.dev/appRevision: ""
app.oam.dev/component: my-component
app.oam.dev/name: website
workload.oam.dev/type: my-stateful
name: nginx
namespace: default
spec:
clusterIP: None
ports:
- name: web
port: 80
selector:
app: nginx
template:
spec:
containers:
- image: saravak/fluentd:elastic
name: my-sidecar
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
labels:
app.oam.dev/appRevision: ""
app.oam.dev/component: my-component
app.oam.dev/name: website
trait.oam.dev/resource: web
trait.oam.dev/type: AuxiliaryWorkload
name: web
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
serviceName: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- image: k8s.gcr.io/nginx-slim:0.8
name: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 80
name: web
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
name: www
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: www
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
storageClassName: my-storage-class
You can also use vela dry-run -h to view more available function parameters.
Use context to get runtime information
In our Application example above, the name field in the properties and the name field of the Component are the same. So we can use the context keyword that carries context information in the template, where context.name is the runtime component Name, thus the name parameter in parameter is no longer needed.
... # Omit other unmodified fields
template: {
output: {
apiVersion: "apps/v1"
kind: "StatefulSet"
metadata: name: context.name
... // 省略其他没有修改的字段
}
parameter: {
image: string
replicas: int
}
}
KubeVela has built-in application required context, you can configure it according to your needs.
Add Traits On Demand
In addition to modifying ComponentDefinitions and adding parameters, you can also use the TraitDefinition to patch configurations to Components. KubeVela has built-in operations to meet the following needs: adding labels, annotations, injecting environment variables, sidecars, adding volumes, and so on. You can also customize Trait to do more flexible patching.
You can use vela traits to view, the traits marked with * are general traits, which can operate on common Kubernetes resource objects.
$ vela traits
NAME NAMESPACE APPLIES-TO CONFLICTS-WITH POD-DISRUPTIVE DESCRIPTION
annotations vela-system * true Add annotations on K8s pod for your workload which follows
the pod spec in path 'spec.template'.
configmap vela-system * true Create/Attach configmaps on K8s pod for your workload which
follows the pod spec in path 'spec.template'.
env vela-system * false add env on K8s pod for your workload which follows the pod
spec in path 'spec.template.'
hostalias vela-system * false Add host aliases on K8s pod for your workload which follows
the pod spec in path 'spec.template'.
labels vela-system * true Add labels on K8s pod for your workload which follows the
pod spec in path 'spec.template'.
lifecycle vela-system * true Add lifecycle hooks for the first container of K8s pod for
your workload which follows the pod spec in path
'spec.template'.
node-affinity vela-system * true affinity specify node affinity and toleration on K8s pod for
your workload which follows the pod spec in path
'spec.template'.
scaler vela-system * false Manually scale K8s pod for your workload which follows the
pod spec in path 'spec.template'.
sidecar vela-system * true Inject a sidecar container to K8s pod for your workload
which follows the pod spec in path 'spec.template'.
Taking sidecar as an example, you can check the usage of sidecar:
$ vela show sidecar
# Properties
+---------+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------+---------+
| NAME | DESCRIPTION | TYPE | REQUIRED | DEFAULT |
+---------+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------+---------+
| name | Specify the name of sidecar container | string | true | |
| cmd | Specify the commands run in the sidecar | []string | false | |
| image | Specify the image of sidecar container | string | true | |
| volumes | Specify the shared volume path | [[]volumes](#volumes) | false | |
+---------+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------+---------+
## volumes
+------+-------------+--------+----------+---------+
| NAME | DESCRIPTION | TYPE | REQUIRED | DEFAULT |
+------+-------------+--------+----------+---------+
| path | | string | true | |
| name | | string | true | |
+------+-------------+--------+----------+---------+
Use the sidecar directly to inject a container, the application description is as follows:
apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1beta1
kind: Application
metadata:
name: website
spec:
components:
- name: my-component
type: my-stateful
properties:
image: nginx:latest
replicas: 1
name: my-component
traits:
- type: sidecar
properties:
name: my-sidecar
image: saravak/fluentd:elastic
Deploy and run the application, and you can see that a fluentd sidecar has been deployed and running in the StatefulSet.
You can also use vela def to get the CUE source file of the sidecar to modify, add parameters, etc.
vela def get sidecar
The customization of operation and maintenance capabilities is similar to component customization, so we won’t go into details here. You can read Customize Trait for more detailed functions.
Summarize
This section introduces how to deliver complete modular capabilities through CUE. The core is that it can dynamically increase configuration capabilities according to user needs, and gradually expose more functions and usages, so as to reduce the overall learning threshold for users and ultimately improve R&D efficient. The out-of-the-box capabilities provided by KubeVela, including components, traits, policy, and workflow, are also designed as pluggable and modifiable capabilities.
Next
Get to know about how to customize: